Few figures in South South American history command the dual legacy of national builder and humanitarian pioneer quite like Marshal Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon (1865–1958). An explorer, military engineer, and champion of Indigenous rights, Rondon mapped thousands of square miles of uncharted Amazonian wilderness, laid the communication lines that stitched a fractured young republic together, and revolutionized state interactions with uncontacted tribal societies. Guided by a strict ethical code—most famously encapsulated in his command to his soldiers: "Die if need be, never kill"—Rondon sought to reconcile the expansion of the modern nation-state with the preservation and dignity of its native peoples. next...