Gallienus 253-268 AD - War and Peace!
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The reverse designs of Gallienus’s coins featuring Mars and Pax symbolise the emperor’s dual strategy of strength and peace during the Crisis of the Third Century. Mars, the Roman god of war, is often depicted standing with a spear and shield, signifying military readiness and the emperor's commitment to defending the empire against external threats, such as invasions by Germanic tribes and the Persian Empire. This imagery reassured the populace of Gallienus’s martial prowess and ability to protect Rome. In contrast, coins featuring Pax, the goddess of peace, emphasise Gallienus’s efforts to stabilise the empire through diplomacy and internal harmony. Pax is typically shown holding an olive branch or scepter, representing the hope for restored order and prosperity amidst widespread rebellion and economic turmoil. Together, these reverses reflect Gallienus’s propaganda, portraying him as a capable ruler balancing military strength with the pursuit of peace and stability. We have just found a group of his coins with these two reverses coming in “Good very fine” grade.
